terminate instance aws cli. In this tutorial, we will learn about AWS CLI and use it for the creation of an EC2 instance and S3 Bucket. terminate instance aws cli

 
 In this tutorial, we will learn about AWS CLI and use it for the creation of an EC2 instance and S3 Bucketterminate instance aws cli  AWS CLI To view the last launched time of an AMI

Share. See the Getting started guide in the AWS CLI User Guide for more information. Then create a cron job to terminate ec2 spot instance. To terminate an Amazon EC2 instance. If you are using an Amazon Web Services SDK or command line tool, base64-encoding is performed for you, and you can load the text from a file. Default: trueAWS CLI 2. micro Amazon EC2 instance in your AWS Region is $0. Run an instance via AWS CLI. delete-load-balancer. AWS CLI 2. (string) Syntax: "string" "string". 2. For more information, see Deleting your Auto Scaling infrastructure in the Amazon EC2 Auto. arn -> (string) The ARN of a Job. Once all that is done, you should be able use aws autoscaling. To only list instances associated with a specific security group, you can use the “group-name” filter: aws ec2 describe-instances --filters \ "Name=instance-state-name,Values=running" \ "Name=group-name,Values=my-security-group". You can’t connect to or start an instance after you’ve terminated it. Anda dapat menghapus instance Anda saat tidak lagi membutuhkannya. Description ¶. 1. 8 2015-08-19 07:16:1. There appears to be a command to terminate the instance also. aws autoscaling delete-auto-scaling-group --auto-scaling-group-name my-asg. For each SSL connection, the AWS CLI will verify SSL certificates. The JSON string follows the format provided by --generate-cli-skeleton. To view this page for the AWS CLI version 2, click here . All event window times are in UTC. AWS CLI 2. For example, when you stop an instance, the root device and any other devices attached to the instance persist. It will poll every 15 seconds until a successful state has been reached. The JSON string follows the format provided by --generate-cli-skeleton. disableApiTermination? Type: boolean | IResolvable (optional) If you set this parameter to true , you can't terminate the instance using the Amazon EC2 console,. In any other state, your instance should stop normally without adding this parameter to your API request. Finally, the tutorial provides Python code to easily see EC2 instances and key information in tabular format and ways to query EC2 instances for dynamic access and monitoring. 31 Command Reference. The policy is useful when the IP addresses for your company are within the specified ranges. --cli-input-json (string) Performs service operation based on the JSON string provided. Amazon EC2 console. Once that happens, clean up the environment to avoid any unnecessary charges by AWS! This can be done by terminating (through CLI or console) the EC2 Instance created during this project. . Use this option to terminate all active connections for the specified user. The AWS CLI introduces a new set of simple file commands for efficient file transfers to and from Amazon S3. For each SSL connection, the AWS CLI will verify SSL certificates. After a WorkSpace is terminated, the TERMINATED state is returned only briefly before the WorkSpace directory metadata is cleaned up, so this state is rarely returned. Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling tries to rebalance the group, and rebalancing might terminate instances in other zones. Skip directly to the demo: 0:32For more details see the Knowledge Center article with this video: instructions using the Amazon EC2 console, see Change the root volume to persist at launch using the console. Click here to learn more about managing EC2 instances from using the aws-cli. ** Edit ** Syntax: "string" "string". 3) API (Application Program. 1 Answer. The IDs of the Spot Instance requests. AWS Command-Line Interface (CLI) (Windows, Mac, Linux) AWS Tools for Windows PowerShell (Windows only) If you like PowerShell, use that one. Run tests on the instance 3. GroupId -> (string) The ID of the placement group that the. You can’t connect to or start an instance after you’ve terminated it. Select ‘Terminate’ under ‘Instance State’. Volumes attached after instance launch continue running. 9. You can do this from the EC2 console or CLI: aws autoscaling put-lifecycle-hook. The instances launch with the default version of the specified launch template. --service-linked-role-arn (string) The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the service-linked role that the Auto Scaling group uses to call other Amazon Web Services on your behalf. This operation is idempotent; if you terminate an instance more than once, each call succeeds. Volumes attached after instance launch continue running. In this article, I will show you several commands to operate EC2 instances and this can be a guide to get started with aws-cli to manage EC2 instances from the terminal. > --profile xxx. Another (likely less popular) answer: Stop using the console. Unless otherwise stated, all examples have unix-like quotation rules. The AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) is a unified tool to manage your AWS services. If you use the AWS Management Console, Aurora automatically deletes your cluster when you delete the last DB instance in that cluster. Take the instance out of the standby. By default, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling balances instances across all Availability Zones. You can stop, start, and terminate EBS-backed instances. Create Bucket. When an instance is terminated, the instance status changes to terminated. The following create-auto-scaling-group example creates an Auto Scaling group in subnets in multiple Availability Zones within a Region. Locate the instance you wish to delete or terminate on the Instances page in the Amazon EC2 console. are properly configured and all AWS credentials, certificate. Terminated instances remain visible after termination (for approximately one hour). Segera setelah status instance berubah menjadi shutting-down atau terminated, Anda berhenti menimbulkan biaya untuk hal itu. By default, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling balances instances across all Availability Zones. # aws ec 2 terminate-instances – instance-ids i -0 aac 8 d 3 e 627 de 822 a i. If you want more practice, you could use the following to terminate the instances right from your IDE: import boto3. In the following screen capture of the console page where. For more information, see Delete an Amazon EBS volume in the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide . Retrieves a list of all active sessions (both connected and disconnected) or terminated sessions from the past 30 days. This example terminates the specified instance. Reference: Configuration basics - AWS Command Line Interface. You can find a specific service by entering the service name in the search bar. As mentioned in the comments, I suggest working with AWS Powershell Module. If other arguments are provided on the command line, the CLI values will override the JSON-provided values. With just one tool to download and configure, you can control multiple AWS services from the command line and automate them through scripts. Follow the link if you are using a different OS. aws ec2 describe-instances --query 'Reservations[]. Configure Lifecycle Hooks for your Autoscaling group. Terminated instances remain visible after termination (for approximately one hour). Terminated instances remain visible after termination (for approximately one hour). Terminate Target instance by Tags. The instance is not terminated immediately. Terminate EC2 instance using command line API. やりたいことや、やらなければいけないことは明確にあるので、今回はその第一歩として、AWS CLIを利用してEC2インスタンスを触れてみます。. CloudFormation uses the role's credentials to make calls on your behalf. Description ¶. You can only terminate instance store-backed instances. If you want to filter to certain tag key/value only, you can edit the aws ec2 describe-instances to add a --filter option. You must disable termination protection before you can terminate the instance. After the targets are deregistered, they no longer receive traffic from the load balancer. Terminated instances remain visible after termination (for approximately one hour). The user-supplied instance identifier of the DB Snapshot created immediately before the DB instance is stopped. Under the Instances section, choose Instances. What happens to an instance differs if you stop it or terminate it. delete-rule →. The following code terminate an instance based on ID and Region. Yes, you will have to use the L1 construct: CfnInstance. Required: No. 45 Python/2. You can only terminate instance store-backed instances. Instances []. Description ¶. Cancels the specified Spot Fleet requests. Upload Object. --username (string) The name of the user who initiated the connection. The ג€Actionג€ field does not grant the actions that are required to terminate the EC2 instance. ) For more information, see Enabling termination protection in the Amazon EC2 User Guide for Linux Instances. For more information, see the Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling User Guide and the Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling API Reference . Faily new to AWS however I am looking to terminate a set of ec2 instances using the AWS CLI by filtering by a Tag name. Use the AWS Command Line. Terminated instances remain visible after termination (for approximately one hour). Then use aws ec2 terminate-instances like you are doing. AWS CLI version 2, the latest major version of AWS CLI, is now stable and recommended for general use. 5. You can only terminate instance store-backed. Search for the instance that you would like to delete and right click on the instance. You can terminate a WorkSpace that is in any state except SUSPENDED . For already running AWS EC2 instance, use AWS CLI. AWS CLI. To find interrupted Spot Instances using the AWS CLI. To reboot an EC2 Instance from AWS CLI, run the following command where INSTANCEID is the instance id of the EC2 Instance. By default, the AWS CLI uses SSL when communicating with AWS services. InstanceId' It looks at an array of tag keys for each instance and filters those instance that don't have Tag 'Name' in. --instance-type (string) The instance type, such as t2. AWS CLI Command to Create ec2 Instance With User Data. When an instance is terminated, the instance status changes to terminated. For more information, see Suspending and resuming scaling processes in the Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling User Guide . To verify that the size of your Auto Scaling group has changed. If there's also an existing health check, Cloud Map. Run shutdown -h now as root. If you specify an existing InstanceId and ServiceId , Cloud Map updates the existing DNS records, if any. You can retrieve this by running the following command: aws ec2 describe-instances. Configure AWS CLI. For more information see the AWS CLI version 2 installation instructions and migration guide . The way I set this up, in short, is: Create a role that allows auto scaling to post a message to an SQS queue. Select ‘Terminate’ under ‘Instance State’. key -> (string) value -> (string) Shorthand Syntax: KeyName1 = string, KeyName2 = string. . What happens to an instance differs if you stop it or terminate it. Specifies the way that individual Amazon EC2 instances terminate when an automatic scale-in activity occurs or an instance group is resized. Change the --start-time (start recording date) and --end-time (stop recording date) parameters values to choose your own time frame for. A string map that contains the following information for the service that you specify in. When you delete a DB instance, all automated backups for that instance are deleted and can't be recovered. Shuts down one or more instances. AWS Collective See more. This option overrides the default behavior of verifying SSL certificates. The following shows this change type in the AMS console. This command will install Nginx server automatically as our EC2 instance launches within EC2 cloud. Terminated instances remain visible after termination (for approximately one hour). You would need to acquire the instance id from the AWS Metadata in order to run the terminate-instances. The load balancer stops sending requests to targets that are deregistering, but uses connection draining to ensure that in-flight traffic completes on the existing connections. 0-12-generic, botocore version: 1. You can stop, start, and terminate EBS-backed instances. Create a t. Changes the instance’s user data to the specified value. Users might choose the AWS CLI over the AWS Console because it is a scalable way to launch cloud resources. (The Cancel command you linked is to stop a Systems Manager (SSM) job running on AWS. --cli-input-json (string) Performs service operation based on the JSON string provided. 13. Instance C and Instance D fail to terminate because at least one of the specified instances in us-east-1b (Instance C) is enabled for termination protection. ReferencesThis tutorial will also cover how to start, stop, monitor, create and terminate Amazon EC2 instances using Python programs. anchor anchor anchor anchor. If you have tasks running on the container instance when you deregister it with the force option, these tasks remain running until you terminate the instance or the tasks stop through some other means, but they’re orphaned (no longer monitored or accounted for by Amazon ECS). The instance remains in this state until you exit the standby state. By default, Amazon EC2 deletes all EBS volumes that were attached when the instance launched. aws ec2 terminate-instances--instance-ids i-12345678; PowerShell. For example, lets say you reopen your AWS account 30 days after closure. An instance with a tenancy of runs on single-tenant hardware. You can use the Amazon EC2 console to create alarm actions that stop or terminate an Amazon EC2 instance when certain conditions are met. For more information, see Instance Families and Types . Starts a job that terminates specific launched EC2 Test and Cutover instances. The AWS Command Line Interface (CLI) is a downloadable tool that you can use to manage your AWS services. Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling tries to rebalance the group, and rebalancing might terminate instances in other zones. The following code examples show how to terminate an Amazon EC2 instance. The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the replication instance to be deleted. If the instance interruption behavior is to terminate the Spot Instances, use the following command:The user-supplied instance identifier. Terminated instances remain visible after termination (for approximately one hour). List the Stopped. On the Cluster List page, select the cluster or clusters to terminate. Lệnh halt sẽ không bắt đầu quá trình shutdown. . Use one of the following methods to remove terminated instances from your EC2 Auto Scaling group that are still listed as Healthy and InStandby: Use the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) to terminate the instance. To verify the root device type of an instance, you can use the Amazon EC2 console or the AWS CLI. --cli-input-json (string) Performs service operation based on the JSON string provided. There are 3 mainly ways we can used AWS Cloud: 1) GUI (Graphical User Interface): Management Console. InstanceId, publicip: . Forces the container instance to be deregistered. This versatile application provides customers with flexibility and automation, allowing them to save time and streamline their cloud infrastructure. AWS CLI version 2, the latest major version of AWS CLI, is now stable and recommended for general use. InstanceId' --filters "Name=tag:tagkey,Values=tagvalue" --output text) as long as the number of expected instances is not huge, the above can be used. It is not possible to pass arbitrary binary. Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) enables you to provision a logically. Similarly, if provided it will print a. ← suspend-processes. The AWS Command Line Interface (CLI) is a unified tool to manage your AWS services. This operation is asynchronous and returns before the WorkSpaces have been completely terminated. In this tutorial, we will learn about AWS CLI and use it for the creation of an EC2 instance and S3 Bucket. Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling is designed to automatically launch and terminate EC2 instances based on user-defined scaling policies, scheduled actions, and health checks. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) provides secure and resizable computing capacity in the Amazon Web Services Cloud. Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling tries to rebalance the group, and rebalancing might terminate instances in other zones. If you launch an instance that isn't within the AWS Free Tier, you are billed after you launch the instance and charged for the time that the instance is running, even if it remains idle. (string) Syntax: "string" "string". --lifecycle-hook-name my-lifecycle-hook. With this release of EC2-based resource permissions, customers can now strictly control which IAM users or groups can start, stop, reboot, and terminate specific. To view this page for the AWS CLI version 2, click here . This example deletes the. To have an instance terminate itself do both of these steps: Start the instance with --instance-initiated-shutdown-behavior terminate or the equivalent on the AWS console or API call. Make sure you have the AWS CLI installed and configured on your machine. For more information see the AWS CLI version 2 installation instructions and migration guide . If the instance also gets stuck terminating, Amazon EC2 automatically forces it to terminate within a few hours. You can get information about the instance using the API and its instance-id. There are 2 types of CLI methods to delete an EC2 instance, as stated below. terminate () Terminate an Amazon EC2 instance using an AWS SDK. Command to reboot an EC2 Instance. update-auto-scaling-group →. It may take a moment for the instance to fully terminate. Ta có thể kết thúc (terminate) instance bằng AWS Management Console hoặc dòng lệnh. You can use the Amazon EC2 console to create alarm actions that stop or terminate an Amazon EC2 instance when certain conditions are met. This will also terminate the EC2 instances. The command also applies a tag with a key of cost-center and a value of cc123 to any EBS volume that's created (in this case, the root volume). Step-7: Terminate EC2 instance. To terminate an instance in an Auto Scaling group. Detach the instance from your EC2 Auto Scaling group to remove it from the EC2 Auto Scaling. delete-policy-version →. Posted On: Jul 29, 2021. . response = ec2. aws ec2 terminate-instances --instance-ids i-9d0b9a58 --debug 2015-08-19 07:16:13,954 - MainThread - awscli. Terminated instances remain visible after termination (for approximately one hour). By default, Amazon EC2 deletes all EBS volumes that were attached when the instance launched. Amazon S3 with AWS CLI. To terminate an Amazon EC2 instance. If hackers have disabled accidental instance termination, first run this command: aws ec2 describe-instances --filters "Name=instance-state-name,Values=pending,running,stopped,stopping" --query "Reservations []. You can only terminate instance store-backed instances. Stop means the instance still exists, but it is shutdown. Specifies the way that individual Amazon EC2 instances terminate when an automatic scale-in activity occurs or an instance group is resized. PublicIpAddress}' To. Similarly, if provided yaml-input it will print a sample input YAML that can be used with --cli-input-yaml. JSON Syntax:. LIst the Stopped instances with the date of shutdown and terminate them, List instances by Shutdown year In AWS infrastructure, We create a lot of EC2 instances on demand and we tend to forget about the stopped instances considering that it is stopped. I have managed to get parts (1) and (2) working using the AWS CLI commands aws ec2 run-instances and aws ssm. Terminated instances remain visible after termination (for approximately one hour). By default, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling balances instances across all Availability Zones. . 04 Select the Amazon EC2 instance that you want to protect against accidental termination. The following modify-instance-attribute example adds the contents of the file UserData. Forces the container instance to be deregistered. PDF RSS. AWS EC2 stop all through PowerShell/CMD tools. I found this commands but its not working. If you. 1. Amazon EC2 console. Yes, can able to terminate an EC2 instance by executing the below command. --service-linked-role-arn (string) The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the service-linked role that the Auto Scaling group uses to call other Amazon Web Services on your behalf. The Size list contains the currently supported types. 0. AWS CLI Command to List the Stopped instances with the date of Shutdown. For example :By default, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling balances instances across all Availability Zones. Upload Object. Once you have terminated the AWS instance, it. Note: There are 2 versions of AWS CLI, v1 (major), v2. By default, the AWS CLI uses SSL when communicating with AWS services. You can keep a cluster with no DB instances to preserve your data without incurring CPU. if you really want to do this with CLI, you may first want to use aws autoscaling suspend-processes command to prevent ASG from creating new instances. For more information about the differences between stopping and terminating. Volumes attached after instance launch continue running. This operation is idempotent; if you terminate an instance more than once, each call succeeds. By default, Amazon EC2 deletes all EBS volumes that were attached when the instance launched. To verify the root device type of an instance, you can use the Amazon EC2 console or the Amazon CLI. This construct has the disableApiTermination prop which can be set to true to enable termination protection. By default, Amazon EC2 deletes all EBS volumes that were attached when the instance launched. Step 2: Find the Instance ID. To force stop the instance using the console. The first two entries are reboot via cli, the last 3 entries are 2 instance stops from AWS console. The CLI can be downloaded and when installed is integrated into your Windows, MacOS. Instances []. If you do not specify the option to decrement the desired capacity, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling launches instances to replace the ones that are terminated. SpreadDomain -> (string) HostResourceGroupArn -> (string) If you specify this parameter, either omit the. Multiple API calls may be issued in order to retrieve the entire data set of results. You can stop, start, and terminate EBS-backed instances. Terminate an Instance. Command: aws ec2 terminate. In this example, we are adding a tag with Key as “Department”, and it’s Value as “Finance”. aws ec2 terminate-instances--instance-ids instance_id (Optional) If you are finished with the Amazon S3 bucket that you uploaded the bundle to, you can delete the bucket. I would create an additional alarm that would terminate any instance that reaches 99% cpu for an hour. To learn more, see the following resources: Amazon EC2: Amazon EC2 product page, Amazon EC2 documentation To prevent Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling from terminating unhealthy instances, suspend the ReplaceUnhealthy process. If the service that’s specified by settings, Cloud Map will create the Route 53 health check, but it doesn’t associate the. Login to AWS Management Console and navigate to EC2 dashboard. Documentation: stop-instances — AWS CLI Command Reference. Amazon S3 with AWS CLI. Depending on the cluster configuration, termination may take 5 to 10 minutes. - GitHub - awslabs/aws-simple-ec2-cli: A CLI tool that simplifies the process of launching, connecting and terminating an EC2 instance. --cli-input-json (string) Performs service operation based on the JSON string provided. 4. Key, `Name`)][]. At the prompt, choose Terminate. If you specify multiple instances and the request fails (for example, because of a single incorrect instance ID), none of the instances are terminated. A unique identifier for a game session placement to stop. I would suggest you to do modifications in autoscaling group, when you want to turn off instance put 0 in auto scaling and when you want to turn on change value in autoscaling,. 11. Terminated instances remain visible after termination (for approximately one hour). Use the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) to terminate the instance. For example, a shell script named script. Example 4: To launch an instance and add tags on creation. This command will not work for any Source Server with a lifecycle. Command: aws ec2 terminate. This instance is no longer available to run tasks. MaxCount (integer) – [REQUIRED] The maximum number of instances to launch. An introduction to Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud. The maximum number of instances to launch. aws ec2 reboot-instances --instance-ids INSTANCEID. This includes permanently deleting all related settings, user data, and uncommitted code. instance_id} syntax. By default, Amazon EC2 deletes all EBS volumes that were attached when the instance launched. You can select. Action examples are code excerpts from larger programs and must be run in context. Options ¶. Akhiri permintaan Anda. aws autoscaling put-warm-pool --auto-scaling-group-name <Name-of-autoscaling-group> --instance-reuse-policy ReuseOnScaleIn=true Reference docs for the command: AWS CLI Autoscaling put-warm-pool documentation. For more information, see the AWS Elastic Beanstalk User Guide. AWS CLI version 2, the latest major version of AWS CLI, is now stable and recommended for general use. To disable termination protection using the Amazon EC2 console, select the instance and then choose Actions, Instance Settings, Change Termination Protection. For more information, see Instance Families and Types . In this article, we will go through how you can use the AWS CLI to interact with Amazon S3. You must be the AMI owner to run this. What happens to an instance differs if you stop it or terminate it. You must also specify whether a canceled Spot Fleet request should terminate its instances. This terminate-session example permanently ends a session that was created by the user "Shirley-Rodriguez" and closes the data connection between the Session Manager client and SSM Agent on the instance. For example, when you stop an instance, the root device and any other devices attached to the instance persist. You can stop, start, and terminate EBS-backed instances. The automation document goes through the following steps. Multiple API calls may be issued in order to retrieve the entire data set of results. Reference the . PDF RSS. Terminate the instance using the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI). creationDateTime -> (string) The date and time. 20. List Bucket and Objects. This will pop up an attribute box which will state the Delete on Termination flag. Suspends the specified auto scaling processes, or all processes, for the specified Auto Scaling group. large, set this parameter to "dms. For example, when you stop an instance, the root device and any other. aws ec2 terminate-instances --instance-ids "<Instance Id>" "<Instance Id>" In your EC2. To delete an EC2 instance using the CLI, you'll need its Instance ID. Right-click on the instance, from the menu, choose Instance State –> Select Terminate option. On the ‘Terminate Instances’ window, confirm by choosing ‘Yes, Terminate’. Deletes the specified VPC. Elastic Beanstalk might fail to terminate your environment. These are just a few examples of utilizing filters in the AWS CLI to narrow down and manage your EC2 instances. Description ¶. You must be the AMI owner to run this command. For more information, see the Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling User Guide and the Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling API Reference . By default, Amazon EC2 deletes all EBS volumes that were attached when the instance launched. By default, the AWS CLI uses SSL when communicating with AWS services. clidriver - DEBUG - CLI version: aws-cli/1. Type: Boolean. If other arguments are provided on the command line, the CLI values will override the JSON-provided values. JSON Syntax:. New console. 15. You can create up to 200 event windows per Amazon Web Services Region. On the ‘Terminate Instances’ window, confirm by choosing ‘Yes, Terminate’. If you're using the ec2 command line tools, add the option: --instance-initiated-shutdown-behavior terminate. Supports Windows, Mac, and Linux. For more information see the AWS CLI version 2 installation instructions and migration guide. Click on “Actions” > “Instance State” > “Terminate. You can stop, start, and terminate EBS-backed instances. By default, Amazon EC2 deletes all EBS volumes that were attached when the instance launched. For more information about the differences between rebooting, stopping, hibernating, and terminating instances, see Instance lifecycle in the Amazon EC2 User Guide. However, manual DB snapshots of the DB instance aren't deleted. It still has an instance-id, but its virtual RAM is discarded, as are any ephemeral (also called instance) storage volumes (but not an EBS volumes). If you specify more instances than Amazon EC2 can launch in the target Availability Zone, Amazon EC2 launches the largest possible number of instances above. The JSON string follows the format provided by --generate-cli-skeleton. It's just a thin layer on the Amazon APIs. 1,228 11 25. Accepted values:. From the AWS EC2 console, you can set its value when launching a new instance only. You can use the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) to launch, list, and terminate Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances. Rebooting from cli however outputs my echo and system logs startup as well as shutdown of the service. If hackers have disabled accidental instance termination, first run this command: aws ec2 describe-instances --filters "Name=instance-state. Short description. describe-instances example filters the results to only those instances that are configured to allow access to instance tags from instance metadata.